Standardized Test and Dormitory Lodges - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 23 Words: 6916 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL OF BS NURSING STUDENT LIVING WITH FAMILY AND DORMITORY LODGES A RESEARCH Presented to The Faculty of Psychology Department Our Lady of Fatima University Quezon City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Psychology By: Calinisan, Irish D. Oxeniola, Eryenn Mae M. Silvero, Mary Rose Ann M. October, 2009 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction In entering college, many important factors that affect the academic achievement of each student who are living in a dormitory and the advantages of staying in their own house. In managing a comfortable student life, choosing a place where you will stay is one decision you should think of. While moving out on your own is a big step for most young people, also a learning experience will help them to realize just what it takes to survive in the real world. College life is a time when young adults learn who they really are. College is about living and getting to know you more. It is a time to examine and test new roles, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. Many students from the province also wants to enjoy the high quality of education has in the city and some of them doesn’t have relatives around from where hey can stay while studying. College students face many challenges and changes throughout this crucial developmental time. This includes being away from home for the first time, worrying about being able to handle work and homesickness, balancing studying and partying, deciding whether or not he review his lessons. College students, on a daily basis, are forced to contend with such issues about their academic and social lives. A home is a place where the members feel they really belong. It reflects the spirit of friendliness and good will. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Standardized Test and Dormitory Lodges" essay for you Create order It is also a place for happiness and fun. Thus, the role of the parents and the home is vital in the upbringing of children. Living with your family and living all by yourself is like living on two different planets. It will affect every detail of your life, right down to the way you talk, the foods you eat, and how much money you can spend. It will also determine how often your friends visit and how much freedom you have. Living  with your parents is similar to living in a royal palace; you will enjoy the luxuries of an elegant house, clean laundry, and a slightly bigger budget. While living under the rule of the parents, you will have to leave the house in order to socialize. Living with your family force you to read your notes and do an assignment, because the eyes of your parents always stay with you. Therefore, they will have a higher expectation from your achievements in school. No one said that living in an unknown place, with unknown people and unusual circumstances is easy. Challenging are the experiences in a dormitory which eventually reveals a person’s alter ego, develop his grip of survival and tests his personal upbringing in one way or another. Nevertheless, life in dormitory be considered a real world or another place of compromise, several lessons are learned here that will either make or break a young mind at his time. Having a dormitory, students spend more time in studying and relaxing inside their respective rooms. They have a lot of time reviewing their lessons if they want to, especially if they have examinations. The dormitory becomes a comfortable and friendly â€Å"home away from home.   Students do their best to provide a family-like atmosphere in dorms. There is close interaction between students and their roommates, building an atmosphere of care and mutual understanding. Living alone, however, yields much more room for fun. The new freedom comes with a greater responsibility as well especially on the academic achievements of the students. Living alone, you will only prove to them that you can make it out on your own. The researchers have come up an idea to conduct a study in the difference of the achievement level among BS Nursing students of Our Lady of Fatima University living with family and students stay in dormitory lodges. The researchers aim to know which group performs better in their studies; which group doesn’t; or if there is no difference at all. Hopefully, the result of this study will help the readers in determining which living arrangement can be more beneficial to the students. It can serves as guide for those students who wants to stay in dormitory lodges. Statement of the Problem The purpose of this study is to find out the achievement level among BS Nursing of OLFU living with the family and in dormitory lodges. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1) What is the demographic profile of BS Nursing students of OLFU living with family and dormitory lodges as to: 1. gender 1. 2 type of residents 1. 3. 1 dormitory residents 1. 3. 2 living with family 2) What is the achievement level of the respondents living with family? 3) What is the achievement level of the respondents living in dormitory lodges? 4) Is there a significant difference in the achievement level of BS nursing students living with family and dormitory lodges? Hypothesis: The hypothesis in this study is: Ho: There is no significant mean sco re difference in achievement level between living with family and dormitory lodges among BS Nursing of OLFU. Ha: There is a significant mean score difference in achievement level between living with family and dormitory lodges among BS Nursing of OLFU. Significance of the Study This study seems significantly serves as a guide for a deeper understanding in the aspect of achievement level among BS Nursing students of Our Lady of Fatima University living with family and students stay in dormitory lodges. This study aims the relevance to college students who are about to make pertinent decisions in terms of residency, how they achieve a high grades in their academic subjects and allowing them to have a worry-free education. To the nursing students who could help in recognizing the importance of residency that may affect their academic achievement. The findings will be useful for the nursing students to increase their awareness and provide significant information regarding their achievement level, whether living with family or students stay in dormitory lodges would be beneficial for them. To the parents who are equally pressed to choose between sending their children to school that are far from their respective homes and also to continuously monitor the grades of their children. To Our Lady of Fatima University and other colleges as well, to provide the students who are living with family and dormitory lodges, a proper guidance and orientation that they need to acquire and achieve for their intellectual capabilities. To the society, promotes the awareness and regulation forming in every student in terms of personal safety and security. Lastly, to the future researchers, to provide them a reference that will be very useful if find this topic interesting as a focus for further studies. Scope and Delimitations The aim of this study is to provide scientifically based information regarding the achievement level of students living with the family and dormitory lodges. This study is conducted in one hundred Third year BS nursing students at Our Lady of Fatima University which is presently enrolled in first semester for the academic year 2009-2010. For the delimitation, this research is conducted in a three (3) months basis. The respondents are one hundred (100) 3rd year nursing students, no second coursers. Those students who are staying with their relatives are not included. Other benefactors, particularly, attitudes and interpersonal values such as support conformity and recognition that can affect studies will not be included by this research. The researchers choose the respondents for the reason that this level is required to take the Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT) to measure their past and present academic achievement. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES The researchers’ effort to comply with the study led them to compile relevant and meaningful information that will support their study. This chapter presents a number of relevant foreign and local related literature and studies that make this study more reliable. Foreign Related Literature David Prince (2006) stated that the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges adopted a System Direction with an overall goal to â€Å"raise the knowledge and skills of the state’s residents† by increasing educational attainment across the state. This goal is a substantial challenge for all of higher education, especially for community and technical colleges. Washington’s community and technical colleges serve a wide range of learning needs from adult literacy for immigrants and K12 drop outs through advanced high school students taking college credit classes. The Student Achievement Initiative is a new performance funding system for community and technical colleges. Its purposes are to both improve public accountability by more accurately describing what students achieve from enrolling in our colleges each year, and to provide incentives through financial rewards to colleges for increasing the levels of achievement attained by their students. It represents a shift from funding entirely for enrollment inputs to also funding meaningful outcomes. Clarence Fisher (2004) explained that Achievement is a tricky thing it covers a lot of ground,†. There is the official version of achievement which includes the students mastering to the greatest degree possible the curriculum outcomes which have been mandated in the province. This version is narrow and constrained and seems to be focused on very few things—academic knowledge, almost as a door to sort kids out not to help them achieve more. He stated, School is not about doing—it is about thinking and learning†. It is about students pursuing a learning agenda that grows out of what we are required to do by the province, but which evolves as we examine the issue as a class to have some personal meaning. In the Kerr School, they took the government curriculum and wrote 56 large units that stress higher-level thinking skills and use of technology. Each class usually progresses through six major units each year. Several units spanning several grade levels focused on one of the nearby lakes that used to be a tourist attraction but is falling apart. In each of the grades, students study one aspect of the lake—its history, for example, or environmental concerns. Bernajean Porter (2004) stated that effective technology uses have been found to increase the ability of students to achieve. If you want higher test scores, focus technology uses on higher thinking tasks. Almost everyone is aware of the controversy surrounding high stakes standardized testing. While standardized testing is the primary and sometimes single indicator of success in most schools, the majority of standards higher order thinking skills and complex tasks identified as necessary to prepare student for the 21st Century cannot presently be measured on these types of tests. However, even though raising standardized test scores is not recommended as an explicit goal, emerging evidence is accumulating that students using technology for higher order thinking tasks DO score higher on basic skills tests. Biernat Jax (2006) cited in book Student Mobilitys Effect on Academic Achievement that children caught in the shuffle, frequent moves into different schools and/or homes can negatively impact academic performance. With poverty and mobility both contributing to the achievement gap—and with poverty being highly correlated with mobility—understanding how these issues jeopardize achievement is critical. Student mobility has a negative impact on educational achievement for students and schools, creating an achievement gap between mobile and non mobile students. Frequent relocation interrupts regular attendance, continuity of lesson content, and the development of relationships with teachers and peers. In addition, high student mobility has a slowing effect on basic skills acquisition, creating a long-term risk of school failure and dropout. Another risk, because academic records are not always available, is inappropriate placement in a new school—placement in programs for the gifted and talented or in remedial classes when neither is appropriate. Local Related Literature Despabiladeras and Mesias, (2004) cited that in the Philippines, the common people often call dormitories boarding houses. During the earlier period, dormitories are even called â€Å"internas† paid for temporary lodging. They also mentioned some of the important considerations for choosing a boarding house. First it is sanitation; the place has to be clean in order to avoid health problems. Second would be safety and security, so that the residents would be safe from any untoward residents. A boarding house must be conclusive to one’s academic schedule and lifestyle. Next is accessibility, every student’s reason for staying in a boarding house is to be near in their school of choice in order to save time. Affordability is an important consideration too, so that it cannot affect the finances of student and their families. They only have limited allowance and they have to budget it wisely. Lastly is convenience, the place should be comfortable to live and the best play to study. Edmund Rogers (2009) cited in his article that many college students live in a dormitory for at least their freshman year in college. Student housing can be an economical living arrangement for students that provides opportunities to get involved in campus activities and make new friends. For students making the inaugural move away from the comfort and discipline of their parent’s home for the first time, dorm life can also be quite a shocking lifestyle change. When moving into a dorm room, it is important to pack appropriately for the space you have available. Dorm room space is usually quite limited, with a few drawers, a small closet space and community bathrooms. Dorm living may require paring down a bit if you are accustomed to a massive wardrobe and ample storage. If your dormitory does have community bathrooms, be prepared with a caddy to transport your shower items to and from the restroom conveniently, as well as a pair of shoes you can wear in the shower. You will also need some type of basket or hamper in which to transport laundry between a common laundry facility and your room. Collapsible hampers make an excellent choice for living quarters with minimal storage space. To save space, coordinate with your roommate in advance to avoid bringing duplicates of items that you and your roommate can share, such as an iron, microwave or television. Dorm living often involves sharing close living quarters with a roommate, a first for most college freshmen. Having a roommate is just one of the many drastic changes to which college freshmen must adjust in order to make the most of their college experience. Whether the roommate is a friend or a random pairing, some compromise will likely be necessary in order for each party to get the most from his or her living arrangement. Respecting one another’s wishes can be particularly challenging when two roommates operate on different sleep or study schedules. Maintaining a patient and polite tone when expressing your concerns or making requests of a roommate can go a long way toward creating a living environment in which both parties can thrive. And remember, if you request that your roommate alter any aspect of his or her behavior to accommodate your lifestyle, you must be willing to do the same for him or her. On the other hand, you do not want your entire year to be affected if you have a roommate with whom you cannot work out your differences. In this case, you may speak with your Resident Advisor about getting a new roommate or transferring to a single inhabitant room. Since an individual dormitory can house hundreds or even thousands of students at once, dorm life offers ample socialization opportunities for students. Engrossed in their newfound freedom, many freshmen fall prey to the abundant distractions and neglect academics as a result. Adjusting to dorm life and to college in general involves striking a balance between academic responsibilities and having fun. If you fail to focus on your education, your grades can suffer, causing you to lose a scholarship or financial aid, and student loan funds are wasted if you do not earn credits. You may have to make the effort to go to a library or another quiet location to study if the noise levels in your dormitory are too distracting. While some students love the constant activity in a dorm setting, others dislike it and cannot wait to take the next step. Regardless of which group you fall in, try to appreciate dorm life for what it is—a once in a lifetime opportunity to experience college life to its fullest. Iluster (2004) cited in his article in Manila Bulletin that several problems are being encountered while living in a dormitory. Some of these are inadequate worker, curfew hours does not fit their class schedule, lights off at night and bad dorms food. Problems of adjusting with the landlord/ landlady  and co-dormers added with the responsibilities of living independently. Gonzalez (2004) cited in his journal titled â€Å"Is it nature or nurture that encourages achievement? † that the reinforcement and expectations are higher and the environment better for academic achiever in families were learning and knowledge and the attainment of degrees are highly prized. The remedy for better achievement is not racial comparison and the creation of a sub culture in the Filipino family that will praise academic achievement especially in mathematics. This is the work of generations, a tradition arising from family values nurtured by a culture. Foreign Studies From the research of Gakuin (2005) formulated that first-year students living on campus perform better academically than those who live off campus. Perhaps it’s because students living in dorms are closer to the things they need, like the library and the computer labs. Or maybe it’s because the meal plan that comes with most dormitories take the pressure off having to storage for food, giving students more time to study. Think of all the potential study partners floating around the hallways or energetically high lighting their textbooks in the study lounge. No wonder dorm life for first years is such a good idea. Hattiesburg (2004) cited in his research that goal-directed self-imposed delay of gratification to be essential in emotional intelligence. In means that, ones ability is to focus on the task at hand, despite other competing goals, exemplifies delayed gratification and task accomplishment. Furthermore, such research suggested that the ability to focus on a particular problem (e. . , solving an algebraic equation) was a direct reflection on ones ability to effectively use their other mental capacities. Okpala (2004) stated in his research â€Å"Comparative Study of Student Achievement in Traditional Schools and Schools of Choice in North Carolina† that this policy study examined the differences in student achievement scores in reading and mathematics in selected public middle schools o f choice and in traditional public middle schools with similar demographics and socioeconomic characteristics in a southeastern school district in North Carolina. The purpose was to determine whether there were significant differences in academic achievement between students in selected public middle schools of choice and students in traditional public middle schools as measured by the end-of-grade test scores in reading and mathematics. The result from the one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences n academic achievement between students in selected public middle schools of choice and students in traditional public middle schools as measured by the end-of-grade tests in reading and mathematics. Kerbow,(2005) cited in his research it clearly indicates the negative effects of student mobility. Forty-one percent of highly mobile students are low achievers, compared with twenty-six percent of stable students. The more frequently a child changes his/her school, the greater the threat to academic achievement. Furthermore, according to the U. S. Government Accounting Office (2004), children who change schools more than three times before eighth grade are at least four times more likely to drop out of school. Another study found that successive school changes result in a cumulative academic lag—students who move more than three times in a six-year period can fall one full academic year behind stable students. Local Studies Marzano (2004) stated from his research the â€Å"What Works in Schools: Translating Research into Action† that educational researchers, educational practitioners, and the public at large have assumed that socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the best predictors of academic achievement. He concluded, That a strong relationship exists between all kinds of achievement variables and what has come to be known as socioeconomic status (SES). He also notes that the belief in the strong relationship between SES and student achievement is so pervasive that it has rarely been questioned. The family characteristic that is the most powerful predictor of school performance is socioeconomic status (SES) the higher the SES of the students family, the higher his academic achievement. This relationship has been documented in countless studies and seems to hold no matter what measure of status is used (occupation of principal bread-winner, family income, parents education, or some combination of these). Fontanilla (2007) cited in this studies that high school density like long corridors and small rooms can have negative social and psychological effects on residence particularly because density leads to lack personal control louder noise that are intermittent and uncontrollable has negative effects to as shown in this study that first year students assigned to denser, nosier dormitories develop less social support by the end of the first term. These findings argue against present dormitory design, which appears to be more the result of economic expedience. First year students living on campus perform better academically than those who live off campus. Perhaps it’s because students living in dorms are closer to the things that they need, like the library and the computer laboratory. No wonder dorm life is such a good idea. Theodore Coladarci (2004) cited in his, the data reflecting the match between teacher-based assessments of students’ achievement levels and an objective measure of student learning. These data are treated as relevant to the validity or accuracy of the judgmental measures. The paper begins with a discussion of two contexts in which such judgments are relevant: the teacher decision-making and assessment contexts. The second section presents a review of studies in which data are presented on the match between judgments and test scores. Two types of studies are reviewed. The first represents an indirect test of validity in the sense that there is a discrepancy between the judgmental measure (usually a rating of achievement) and the criterion measure (a score on a standardized achievement test). The second provides a more direct test of validity in that teachers are directly asked to estimate the achievement test performance of their students. On the whole, the results revealed high levels of validity for the teacher-judgment measures. The studies revealed, however, some variability across teachers in accuracy levels and suggested the operation of certain other moderator variables. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for future research on the judgments and a set of recommendations for improvements in the teacher-assessment process. Bernardo (2004) stated in his journal titled (â€Å"Culturally- rooted Beliefs and Learning Exploring the relationship among social actions, achievement goal, and learning strategies of Filipino College students. †) that recent international comparisons of educational achievement revealed significant differences in educational achievement levels of students in different countries. Most educational scholar attempted to explain these differences by referring to difference in educational inputs and processes. But psychologists who have looked at the phenomenon explained the possibility that socio-cultural factors may be related to the different levels of achievement attained by students from different countries and cultures. For example, soon after the results of the 3rd International Math and Science survey was revealed, Stevenson and Stigler published their extensive research comparing Japanese, Chinese and American learners in terms of a wide range of culturally rooted psychological variable. These variables include how notion of success and achievement our socialized in children, beliefs on the relative role of ability and effort on academic success, parent’s level of satisfaction and expectation on related to their children’s academic achievement among others. From then on, the cultural dimensions of learning gainer much attention from the psychology research community. Theoretical Framework A theoretical framework is one of the most important parts of a study. Here, theories related to a particular study are given emphasis and further explained. Achievement Motivation Theory is contributed by John W. Atkinson and David McClelland. This theory rests on the belief that most persons want to achieve and experience levels of aspiration. The level of aspiration concept, stresses that people tend to want to succeed at the highest possible level while at the same time avoiding the possibility of failure. The need for achievement is increased when persons experience success. If students experience success their need for achievement will thus be strengthened. However, psychologists have observed that some females in some situations may fear success if it interferes with relationships. Psychologists have developed the Attribution Theory to explain the factors to which students attribute failure. Low achievers tend to attribute failure to a lack of ability, and success to luck. High achievers, on the other hand, tend to attribute failure to a lack of effort, and success to effort and ability. The following theoretical constructs were abstracted from experimental findings on aspects of Achievement Theory. First, students are motivated to learn and achieve when they perceive that their teachers care about them. Teachers who care were described as demonstrating democratic interaction styles, developing expectations for student behavior in light of individual differences, modeling a caring attitude toward their own work, and providing constructive feedback. Second, students do not seek help if they perceive that their self-worth is threatened, if their cognitive competence is low, and if they perceive little benefit in seeking help. Third, students who are highly motivated and make use of learning strategies are most likely to achieve. Different strategies may be more or less important depending on how new the material is to the student. If this is the case, teachers should emphasize domain-specific strategies when introducing a new unit to emphasize strategies that are less domain-specific later in the year, when the information is no longer new. Lastly, students are most likely to cheat if their schools focus on performance and ability as opposed to mastery, if cheating is congruent with their personal beliefs, if their teachers emphasize extrinsic factors, and if there is anxiety and worry associated with schooling. Conceptual Framework Dormitory Residents BS Nursing Students of Our Lady of Fatima University QC Achievement Level Living with Family High Average Average Low Very Low Figure 1 shows the achievement level as categorize in high average, average, low and very low of BS Nursing students of Our Lady of Fatima University living with family and students stay in dormitory lodges. Definition of Terms The following definitions are used in this study: Achievement. Define as similar to accomplishment. In this study, it refers to the skills, knowledge and abilities of the students as measured by Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT). Analytical Reasoning. It is not only about how quickly you do calculations with numbers but how you understand the problem (or given situation) and come up with solution considering given constraints. Students develop competencies to master their ability to make quick decisions necessary in their personal and professional growth. Applied Sciences. It is the application of knowledge from one or more natural scientific fields to solve practical problems. Daily Life Science. It is concern in all about daily human living. It measures how the students’ familiar in the human medical sciences. Dormitory. A facility providing sleeping quarters for a number of persons. It refers to the temporary house where students stay while he or she is studying near to the school. Family. It is a fundamental social group in society typically consisting of one or two parents and their children. It refers to respondents living within one roof. Inorganic Chemistry. It is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. Mathematic Skills. Practice the skills of nursing students in any problem solving and dealing with numbers. Organic Chemistry. It is a discipline within chemistry involves a scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon. In this study, it measures how the respondents familiar in medicines and chemicals. Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT). It is used to measure the past and present academic knowledge of nursing students. It is a tool to measure the achievement level of the respondents. Physics. It is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the world and universe behave. Reading Comprehension. It is a skill separates the passive unskilled reader from the active readers. In this study it is defined as the level of understanding of writing. Students. It is used for anyone who is learning. It refers to the respondents of the study. Vocabulary skills. It is a skill where language uses as knowledge of words. It serves as practice to be familiar on different terms. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the different methods of the research design elaborates the research method use in this study and how the researchers gather data information. Research Design The descriptive- correlation method of research was used in this study since it is concerned with the achievement level of BS Nursing students in Our Lady of Fatima University, Quezon City, who are currently living with family and dormitory lodges. The researchers choose to use the said method, descriptive- correlation study to find out the present state of the respondents achievement level to compare the results of those who are residing in dormitories and to those who are living with family. Locale and Population of the Study The study was conducted in Our Lady of Fatima University. This university consists of three buildings named College of Arts and Sciences (CAS), San Jose Building (SJB) and Vicente Santos Building (VSB) in Lagro, Quezon City. There are two buildings in Regalado, Quezon City coded as NBR and Fatima Eye Rehabilitation. The forte of this university is the medical science field. The respondents are the Our Lady of Fatima University Third year BS nursing students who are living with family and dormitory lodges. The respondents are comprised of one hundred students which are presently enrolled in first semester for the academic year 2009-2010. The researchers have used Purposive Sampling Technique (Non- Probability) to choose the respondents based on the following criteria: Gender and Type of Residents. Instrumentation In order for the researchers to gather important data needed for the completion of the research, the researchers used instruments like survey forms, letters to the respondents noted by the adviser and the dean, and Nursing Aptitude Test. The researchers also read articles, previous study, thesis, books in the library related to the study. The researchers used the Nursing aptitude test to measure the achievement level of the respondents. The said test measures the following criteria: A. Applied Sciences 1. Physics The multiple choice questionnaire tries to measure your comprehensions for mechanics, measurements, and laws of thermodynamics, acceleration, and momentum. 2. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry You have to take care of the patients with certain medicines and chemicals. You are expected to know basics of solvents, electrons, titration, and periodic table. B. Daly Life Science You need to learn basics of TCA cycle, ATP, cardiac control, human nervous system, endocrine glands, ECG basics, cardiovascular system, lungs and respiratory effects, thyroid hormones, etc. You are expected to hear and use these basic things about the human medical science for your life long nursing career. C. Vocabulary Skills The nursing career requires you to have correct knowledge of different words. Sometimes, your wrong perception of words can put lives of the patients in severe danger. That’s why vocabulary skills are tested with nursing aptitude test. D. Mathematics Skills Though the nursing aptitude tests include only a portion of math to test your mathematical reasoning but it is still a important to know about real numbers, fractions, trigonometry, area calculations, logarithmic scale etc. E. Reading Comprehension In your nursing career you will have often to read the instructions issued by the doctors during their visits. When you fail to comprehend the simple instructions, you can’t help the patients in any way. So your reading comprehension is also tested before you qualify for entry level nursing jobs. F. Analytical Reasoning Your analytical reasoning capability helps you to take quick decisions in emergencies and daily life nursing services. Most of the nursing aptitude tests include this portion understand you before you are selected for a nursing career. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers made survey questionnaire and letter for the respondents noted by the adviser and the dean. The researchers requested a copy of Nursing Aptitude Test in the guidance office. From then, the researchers start to administer the test and attached to this was a survey form. It was indicated that the respondents have to answer whether they are living with their parents or staying in dormitory lodges. After the data collection, the researchers made a tally form based on the total score of all the respondents from the Nursing Aptitude Test. Statistical Treatment The data gathered are tallies according to the variables of the study arrive at the right interpretation. The data are statistically treated the following statistical tools were used: 1) Percentage Method- the actual quantity represented by the percent. This method was used to determine the percentage of the demographic profile and achievement level of the respondents. Formula Percentage (%) = fn? 100 Wherein: f= frequency (total number of respondents) P= percentage n= total number of respondents 2) Mean- arithmetic average is defined as the sum of the values in the data group divided by the number of values. This was used to determine the highest and lowest scores. Formula: X=nN Wherein: X= the mean n= number of respondents N= total scores ) Z-test-is a statistical test used in inference which determines if the difference between a sample mean and the population mean is large enough to be statistically significant. Inferential statistics or statistical induction comprises the use of Statistics to make Inferences concerning some unknown aspect of a Population In Statistics, a result is called statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance. It is used primarily with standardized testing to determine if the tes t scores of a particular sample of test takers are within or outside of the standard performance of test takers. Formula: z=x1-x2 2n? + 2n? Wherein: x? = sample mean of the scores living with family x? = sample mean of scores living in dormitory 2= population variances of scores living with family 2= population variances of scores living in dormitory n? = sample size of the respondents living with family n? = sample size of the respondents living in dormitory Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents, analyses, and interprets the data gathered out of the instruments used in the study presented according to the specific problems. Table 1. 1. This table presented the percentage distribution according to gender. It shows that the female respondents got the highest percentage of 68%, with a total raw score of 68 which most of the respondents belong to. Then, the male respondents got the lowest percentage of 32%, with a total raw score of 32. The total mean of the frequency is 50. Table 1. 1 Percentage Distributions of the Respondents According to Gender Gender| Frequency| Percentage (%)| Male| 32| 32%| Female| 68| 68%| Total| 100| 100| Table 1. 2. This table presented the percentage distribution according to type of residents. It shows that the respondents living with family and living in dormitory has an equal number and percentage. Table 1. 2 Percentage Distributions of the Respondents According to Type of Residents Type of Residents| Frequency| Percentage (%)| Living with Family| 50| 50%| Living in Dormitory| 50| 50%| Total| 100| 100| Table 2. This table presented the percentage distributions of the respondents living with family and dormitory. It shows that 2% of the respondents living with family got high average, 4% of the respondents fall in a very low level, 32% of the respondents have an average score, and 62% of the respondents fall in low level. While, there is no respondents living in dormitory got high average, 8% of the respondents got the very low level, 32% of the respondents fall in average level and 60% 0f the respondents got the low level. Table 2 Distributions of Frequency of the Respondents According to Residents Score Range| Nursing Aptitude Test| Living with Family| Living in Dormitory| | | Frequency(f)| Percentage (%)| Frequency(f)| Percentage (%)| 200-151| High average| 1| 2| 0| 0| 150-101| Average| 16| 32| 16| 32| 100-51| Low| 31| 62| 30| 60| 0-0| Very Low| 2| 4| 4| 8| Total| | 50| 100| 50| 100| Table 3. The table shows the mean score of the respondents living with family got 90. 14 while the mean score of the respondents living in dormitory got 87. 02. The computed value of the z-test 0. 46 is less than the critical value which is 1. 96; it means the researchers accept the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no significant mean score difference in achievement level between living with family and dormitory lo dges among BS Nursing of OLFU. Table 3 Computed Value of Z-test among BS Nursing of OLFU-QC Living with Family and Dormitory Lodges Living with Family(X)| Living in Dormitory(X)| Computed Value| Critical Value| Comparison| Decision| Interpretation| X=90. 14| X=87. 02| 0. 46|  ±1. 96| Computed value is lesser than the critical value| Accept the Ho: Null hypothesis| There is no significant mean score difference in achievement level between living with family and dormitory lodges among BS Nursing of OLFU. | Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS Summary Student’s nowadays are becoming more focused on their studies. With that, they are also find suitability in terms of dwelling space. Here in the Philippines, oftentimes, the best education is offered in the city and a lot of aspiring individuals tend to grab that chance even if they live in the province. A lot of entrepreneurs took hold this chance and established dormitories near schools for the safety and convenience of students. Some students choose to stay with their family and some are residing in dormitory, they always find a place that is appropriate for their studying so they can do well in their academic subjects. This study aimed to determine the Achievement Level of Third year BS nursing students of Our Lady of Fatima University-Quezon City who are currently living with family and dormitory lodges. The subjects were taken from Our Lady of Fatima University-Quezon City. The researchers choose a total of one hundred (100) Third year BS nursing students as their subjects. Fifty (50) of which are living with family, while fifty (50) of which are living in dormitory. All the selected subjects were presently enrolled in the Academic year 2009-2010. The research instrument used in the study was Nursing Aptitude Test, a standardized test for the determination of past and present knowledge of Third year BS nursing. The frequency distribution, mean, standard population variances and z-test statistical methods have been used to test the hypothesis. The hypotheses were tested on the O. O5 level of significance. Based on the results of the study, the findings were as follows: 1) The demographic profile of the respondents were: 1. 1. As a result of the study 68% of the respondents are female and 32% of the respondents are male. . 2. As a result of the study 50% of the respondents are living with family and 50% are living in dormitory lodges. 2) Based on the gathered data, the Achievement level of BS nursing student living with family has a mean score 90. 14 while the student living in dormitory lodges has a mean score of 87. 02. Even though the scores of students living with family were quite higher than the scores who are residing in dormitory, still, they both they both failed as measured by the Nursing Aptitude Test (NAT). ) It was found out that there is no significant mean score difference in achievement level between living with family and dormitory lodges among BS Nursing of Our Lady of Fatima University-Quezon City. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the researchers concluded the following: 1) Even though some students are living independently they have the same achievement level to those students who are under the supervision of their parents. ) There are many factors to consider that may affect the achievement level of the students, not only their environment. 3) It has also been founded that living in dormitory are somehow similar to those who are living with family because they can create a comfortable and friendly â€Å"home away from home† 4) Having done this study, the researchers found out the answer to their query and confusion that the Achievement Level of Third year BS nursi ng student is the same whether they are living with family or in dormitory lodges. Recommendation: The researcher recommends the following: 1. The students who wish to leave home should not be discouraged by their parents, for it teaches them the value of responsibility and independence. They should be mature enough to handle big responsibilities and must be ready to accept the consequences of whatever actions they did. 2. The parents should motivate their sons and daughters to be responsive enough in their studies. Guidance and support must also give preference to value their education. They should keep in mind that their children has to grow and has to learn the facts of life in and outside their homes. 3. The administrators must give full support and consideration for the students who need to attain higher grades. They must also play role to be a good educators to their students. 4. And lastly, to the respondents who are currently living with their family and living in dormitory lodges should set a goal for them to achieve. The respondents must exert more efforts to their study habits to attain passing scores prior to their achievement in examination.

My Life With Anxiety By Susan H. Spence - 1799 Words

My life with Anxiety Ever since I was a child I have dealt with the problems that several anxiety disorders cause. But that was not what I was actually diagnosed with, my actual diagnoses wouldn’t come till I was closer to eleven and several different doctors. But it is of course something that really dictates my life but it also has really given me a lot of issues in my life. Another thing I found out with the fact that as a child I was considered in the gifted area and this also gave way to another thing that was misdiagnosed. From the time I was in around in third grade I found myself under scrutiny by not only my normal doctor but also with several psychologists- this is due to an issue found with one of them. This was due to some of the actions I was doing inside school and outside of it. But when I was looked at by the school and my regular doctor they were unable to diagnose me correctly because as it is point out in an article by Susan H. Spence â€Å"two of the most commonly used self-report measures of child anxiety are both junior versions of their adult counterparts† (Spence 1998). Which was true even when I was given the test in the early 2000’s. A lot of the questions that I remember were things I couldn’t really place in my life. So though I scored rather high I was still not told that I may actually have an anxiety disorder. Instead they contributed it to a possible case of ADHD. So most of my issues as a child were put to that and I started going through someShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesGlobalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Workâ €“Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-AssessmentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesStress-Reduction Techniques 144 SKILL ANALYSIS 147 Cases Involving Stress Management 147 The Turn of the Tide 147 The Case of the Missing Time 150 SKILL PRACTICE 155 Exercises for Long-Term and Short-Run Stress Management The Small-Wins Strategy 155 Life-Balance Analysis 156 Deep Relaxation 158 Monitoring and Managing Time 159 SKILL APPLICATION 161 Activities for Managing Stress 161 Suggested Assignments 161 Application Plan and Evaluation 162 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA Stress Management AssessmentRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 Pagescommunication with customers increases the effectiveness compared with traditional direct marketing efforts that publishers have used to win orders. In line with Fournier’s (1998) ideas, marketers increasingly bring brands closer to consumers’ everyday life. The changing role of customers as co-producers of value is becoming increasingly important (Prahalad and Ramaswamy 2004). Interactivity in digital media offers customers better options to search for information, work as initiators, and get helpRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesworkers give up their comfort zones and seek out new social groups. tive Lakes Automotive is a Detroit-based tier-one supplier to the auto industry. Between 1995 and 1999, Lakes Automotive installed a project management methodology based on nine life-cycle phases. All 60,000 employees worldwide accepted the methodology and used it. Management was pleased with the results. Also, Lakes Automotive s customer base was pleased with the methodology and provided Lakes Automotive with quality award recognition

Research Paper about Internet Security

The connectivity of a computer to other of networks that allows communication with other computers presents many risks to the computer. According to Kallol Bagchi, (2003), internet security involves mechanisms and procedures taken to protect and secure files and data in the computer connected to the internet against intrusion by other internet users. The internet being insecure mediums of exchanging information presents high-risk attacks which results in loss of data or files, destruction of computer software or access of information by unwanted or unknown computer users. To protect the transfer of date via internet several methods such as encryption have been employed. (p. 686) History of internet security According to Gollmann, since the evolution if the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1995, experts predicted that by the year 2000 internet will be accessed by at least 200 million users. Latest data from US census bureau show that as of June 2010 at least 2 billion people visit the internet daily. There has been a tremendous change over the past in the usage of internets. There has been increase exchange of data, electronic business and the world is now a global village. Networks have become cheaper, and computers and mobile phone are more powerful to access internet connectivity. Computer crime has since emerged (Gollmann, 2010 p. 548). In 1995, when www emerged and became the   easiest and fastest browsing tool,   police in Hong Gong had to disconnect all except one Internet Service providers (ISPs) in search for a hacker. Over 20, 000 internet users were affected. Since then, Internet Security has become a real concern as cyber crimes have increased. As the number of internets users swell daily, internet security continues to elicit security issues. Types of cyber crimes Hacked advertising A hacker is computer user with knowledge and expertise in computers and networking whose intention is to get unauthorized or illegal access to a computer system. Hacked advertising is where internet criminal access an originations websites and illegally modify information thereon. Some even go ahead and send malicious emails using the email accounts. The first serious crime of this kind occurred on December 29 1996, when a hacker accessed US Air Force and replaced the cover page with a pornographic picture. Industrial military espionage This is hacking into websites hosts in order to steal and tamper with confidential data. This included stealing identity, destruction or corrupting of files. Once the data is tampered with, the organization without realizing will continue to use and reproduce faulty ones. This costly incident can occur to an organization. For example, in 1997, two university student hackers got their way into Boeing’s computers. They managed to access the courthouse systems in Seattle, which cost Boeing $ 57000 to check the integrity of their system. Fraud The emergence E-commerce and electronic money led to more challenges in making transactions. Credit card security has been one of the biggest concerns since the emergence of online commerce has created a big opportunities for fraudsters. Virtual shops that serve the online client use credit card as a form of payment. In this case the customer send the credit card number to the virtual shop so as to enable him debit the amount required to pay for the purchased goods. The information can be hacked without the knowledge of either of the two parties. While growth of E-commerce has been robust, it is also becoming a large concern for credit card customer and organizations. Systems disabling This is where hackers attack ISP’s service stations this disabling all their services. The service may not be destroyed bust they get impaired, crashed, or exhaust memory rendering is operational. During the time it is not functioned, the company loose money and sometimes data may be lost. Other crimes include pornography, crime network syndicate such as piracy, terrorism, and kidnapping. How do hackers work? The flaws of the networks create different opportunities for hackers. They use different methods to achieve their goals. Like hackers, crackers breaks into systems, wipes all memories, crash machines or stop running processes. The following are ways or tools used by hacker and crackers in cyber crimes. Social engineering This where crackers use social network such as twitter, Facebook, yahoo mails, etc to trick people to reveal their passwords or other information that put a   system security at a risk or compromise. These could include posing as client or employee with an urgent need of technical support. Common nowadays are emails from hacked accounts with enticing messages such need for business partnerships, donation, and grants. Password cracking Passwords are the first defense lines against any possible attack on to a system. Passwords cracking involve hackers and cracker attempting to gain access by breaking this line. They use programs that generate millions of possible passwords from a given users, domain, or emails address. Packet and password sniffing If the hacker cannot access the passwords by guessing them, they use password-sniffing tools, which involve use of broadcast technology, where the hacker scrutinizes the network transmissions read by other networks. The sniffing tools are programs that look at every message on the network and attempt to sniff the sender or recipient’s network access details. IP spoofing This is where internet criminals use IP source routing by pretending as a genuine host or client hence obtaining authorize information for accessing hosting servers. Another spoofing method is where the hacker will wait until a client computer is turned off and then attempting to impersonate the clients’ systems to access the internet host. Prone to spoofing is emails that do not have electronic signatures. Trojan Horses This is program that hides itself in another so that when the actual program is run, the hidden Trojan is also run. When the Trojan run it maliciously could destroy files or send out signals to the attacker thus allowing them direct access who then can modify programs or install other destructive programs. Worms This is a program that replicates itself without being triggered by other programs or by any person. An example is a worm created by a student, which within 8 hours, over 2000 computers had been infected and began to hut down because the replication of the programs was very fast for deletion. Though nowadays rare, hackers still use worms as a technique to attack operating systems. Viruses According to Kaspersky, viruses are programs that deliberately written that alter how computers operate, without the permission or knowledge of the user. They damage program, reformats storage programs or deletes files. Kaspersky’s, one of the companies dealing internet security services and products collected data in 2009 about IT products most vulnerable to attacks. The graph below is the presentation of data on which Kaspersky’s products contained the most vulnerability Source: Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2009. Statistics, 2009   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (http://www.securelist.com/en/images/vlill/ksb09_malware2_pic02.png) There are a plenty of programs or methods used by hacker and crackers to launch attacks, posing the challenge of internet security. Other methods include NIS/NFS attacks; send mail attacks, TCB-SYN flooding, FTP attacks, and so many others. The graph below shows data on the most common vulnerabilities were classified by type: Source: Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2009. Statistics, 2009   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (http://www.securelist.com/en/images/vlill/ksb09_malware2_pic02.png) In 2009, the International Decision Systems in Kaspersky Internet Security 2010 deflected 219,899,678 network attacks as tabulated below. Similar data of 2008 was slightly more than 30 million. Name of the worm/virus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Number of attacks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   % 1 DoS.Generic.SYNFlood 156550484 71.192 2 Intrusion.Win.NETAPI.buffer-overflow.exploit 32605798 14.828 3 Intrusion.Win.MSSQL.worm.Helkern 23263431 10.579 4 Intrusion.Win.DCOM.exploit 3245943 1.476 5 Scan.Generic.UDP 1799685 0.818 6 Intrusion.Win.LSASS.exploit 812775 0.37 7 Intrusion.Generic.TCP.Flags.Bad.Combine.attack 604621 0.275 8 Intrusion.Win.LSASS.ASN1-kill-bill.exploit 555107 0.252 9 DoS.Generic.ICMPFlood 131925 0.06 10 Scan.Generic.TCP 101737 0.046 11 Intrusion.Win.HTTPD.GET.buffer-overflow.exploit 86511 0.039 12 Intrusion.Win.MediaPlayer.ASX.buffer-overflow.exploit 24375 0.011 13 Intrusion.Win.SMB.CVE-2009-3103.exploit 19378 0.009 14 Intrusion.Win.WINS.heap-overflow.exploit 15200 0.007 15 Intrusion.Generic.OmniWeb.Alert.format-string.exploit 14291 0.006 16 Intrusion.Win.Messenger.exploit 10296 0.005 17 DoS.Win.IGMP.Host-Membership-Query.exploit 8976 0.004 18 Intrusion.Win.PnP.exploit 8783 0.004 19 Intrusion.Win.EasyAddressWebServer.format-string.exploit 6561 0.003 20 DoS.Generic.Land 3505 0.002 Total: 99.986 Source: Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2009. Statistics, 2009   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (http://www.securelist.com/en/images/vlill/ksb09_malware2_pic02.png) Methods of enhancing internet security There three main methods of enhancing internet security: password protection, encryption and firewalls. Firewalls A firewall is a type of a controlled access technology that restricts access of information and resources by placing a barricade or a ‘wall’ between an unsecured networks and an organizations network. It prevents any illegal or unauthorized import or export of information from and to a corporate network. Some of the most common firewall in current market include: McAfee Personal Firewall Plus, Norton Personal Firewall, ZoneAlarm ProSymantic,   and BlackICE PC Protection. (Cheswick, Bellovin, Rubin, 2003 p.9) Firewall compares the request from the devise on side with information on the devise in the others side. Firewalls are essentially a set of rules, thus the sets of information in the internet that of the external are compared against each fire rule. Only those that correspond to the rules will cross the fire wall. They are configured to secure networks against unauthorized logins thus preventing possible data vandals. They allow internal users to communicate freely to the outside but restrict traffics coming in the networks. (Cheswick, Bellovin, Rubin, 2003 p.14) However, firewalls are not able to protect the networks or data against attacks that cross the wall. For this reason, experts advise against corporations hosting very confidential data on the internet. Such data do not require firewalls. Firewalls also may not protect against attacks from worms and viruses. Protecting Passwords and generating safe passwords Enhancing the safety of password is one way of enhancing internet security. Generating safe passwords and shadow passwords are the two main methods for this. Shadow passwords are where the plain text of the password remains hidden from the user except the root. Generating safe passwords is where users are encouraged to avid too easily to guess passwords. Effective ones are easy to remember but difficult to guess or greater using computer programs. (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Science and Technology Committee, 2007 p. 150-153) Encryption This is a cryptographic method of using technology so that shared date is only understood by the removing client’s computers. The process involves encrypting and decrypting. This improves traffic flaws end minimizes insecurity vulnerability. Encryption can be symmetrical pr asymmetrical. Asymmetric (key) encryption uses two methods at the same time: a public key known to everyone and a private known only to the recipient of the message. The public key encrypts the message while the private or secret key decrypts the message. Knowing the public key does not make possible to know the private key (Sinrod Reilly, 2000 p.18). Symmetric encryption is where the same key is applied in encryption and decryption of the access keys. Conclusion The need for internet security and sharp rise in cyber crime is the recent concern for businesses. Legislations have been enacted to apprehend and prosecute suspect of this crime. References Cheswick W. R., Bellovin S.M., Rubin A.D. (2003). Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional Gollmann, D. (2010), Computer security. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2:  544–554.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wics.106/full Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Science and Technology Committee (2007). Personal internet security: 5th report of session 2006-07, Vol. 2: Evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London: The Stationery Office Publishers. ICANN, (September 2010) Plan For Enhancing Internet Security, Stability, And   Ã‚  Ã‚   Resiliency (Fy 11) http://www.icann.org/en/topics/ssr/ssr-draft-plan-fy11-13sep10-en.pdf Kallol Bagchi, (2003). An Analysis Of The Growth Of Computer And Internet Security Breaches Journal of Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 12,) 684-700 Kaspersky Security Bulletin 2009. Statistics, 2009 (http://www.securelist.com/en/images/vlill/ksb09_malware2_pic02.png) Sinrod E. J. Reilly W.P., (2000) Cyber-crimes: A Practical Approach to the Application of Federal Computer Crime Law. Santa Clara Computer and High   Ã‚   Technology Law Journal May, 2000

Use of Symbols in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay

Symbols and characters play major roles in representing power in works of literature. Therefore, an author uses these ‘symbols of power’ to control the characters and the overall course of the work. In Lord of the Flies symbols are both used by the characters and stand on their own. Fire on the island is a dual blade and Lord of the Flies impedes on progression. While these two symbols stand on their own, the characters use and are used by them. Ralph leads the boys to advancement while Jack stands as his opposition, both using other symbols of power to assist them. This paper will be broken into nine paragraphs including the opening and concluding paragraph. My opening paragraph will consist of a thesis sentence that sets the stage for†¦show more content†¦For example, throughout the entirety of Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbols to advance the plot of the novel. These symbols, whether they are characters, objects, or ideas, hold the power and abil ity to change the course of the story. The symbols can hold many different meanings and can conflict with one another, with this new issues arise which further develops the plot of the story. As said before, Mr. Golding uses symbols in his story Lord of the Flies to control the destiny of the boys. The signal fire, one type if symbol, was made to catch the attention of passing by boats but it overpowers the young boys and brings destruction. At the assembly the conclusion to start a signal fire comes relatively as means of rescue. However, as the feed the fire it is evident that they cannot control it. The fire blazes out of hand and consumes everything, living or not, in its path. When things settle it is clear how overpowering the fire was and how weak the boys were to stop. Its destructive becomes clearer as Piggy states, ‘â€Å"-him with the mark on his face, I don’t see him. Where is he now†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Golding 46). Here Piggy is struggling and gasping to expla in to everyone that the boy with the ‘Mulberry Face’ has been engulfed by the fire. The severity of the situation never dawns on them and he is nearly forgotten by the end of the story, they never speak of the Mulberry boy again. Fire, in the book and out, it very much like a dual blade,Show MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies : Representation Of Violence And War1611 Words   |  7 PagesLord Of The Flies: Representation Of Violence and War Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German theologian, states that â€Å" The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.† In William Golding’s Lord Of The Flies, societal topics run rampant throughout the text with Golding’s use of individuals to represent different aspects of society. Many writers view the Lord Of The Flies as an allegory, as societal topics such as politics make appearances throughout the text. 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Edward Luttwak s Analysis On Military Force, Military...

Edward Luttwak’s analysis of Roman strategy evaluates the link between military force, military power, policy, and deterrence. Luttwak describes force as the actual application of a state’s military capability while power is derived from the state’s perceived ability to impose force. The Romans employed a combination of force and power to achieve their policy aims regarding security. Deterrence provides security by relying on power and the threat of force to prevent an adversary from committing an unwanted act. Today, United States policy leverages the nation’s perceived power, bolstered by its potential to employ force, in order to deter aggression by potential adversaries and enhance security. To begin, it is important to explore Luttwak’s definitions of force and power. He describes the use of military force as a finite ability to directly apply military means in order to force an adversary’s compliance. A state’s ability to use force is thus limited by the size of its military capability and its ability to concentrate that capability against an enemy. More importantly, once military forces are committed to an action they are no longer available to pursue other objectives and are essentially consumed. The implication is that reliance on military force limits a state’s ability to achieve its objectives to the amount of force it can employ at a given time and place. Examples of the finite nature of military force are numerous. Luttwak points to

Cola War free essay sample

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Breezing Up Winslow Homer Essay Example For Students

Breezing Up Winslow Homer Essay The 1873 masterpiece Breezing Up, by Winslow Homer located in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC is an oil on canvas painting that measures 23 3/13 X 38 1/6 in.. The primary subject of this painting is a man with three boys in a small wooden sail boat that is moving along with what appears to be a fairly choppy sea. At the center of this painting is the stern of the sail boat. The oldest of the boys is sitting on the high end of the stern with his knees up and his bare feet planted flat on the deck in order to keep him from slipping down into the water. This image forms a powerful triangle in the center of the painting. The boyÃÆ'†¢s use of only one hand on the tiller line combined with his relaxed posture suggest that he is very much at ease with his responsibility of steering the boat. His face is only visible in a semi-profile view which exposes his chin, left cheek, and eye socket. These features are well defined against thick layers of puffy clouds which are lingering over the water. Like the others in the boat he is facing away from the setting sun which causes the light to reflect off the back of his long sleeved shirt and hat. Just to the boyÃÆ'†¢s right is the man in the boat who is presumably the father of the boys. His seated position below the deck allows the viewer only to see his face shoulders, arms, and hands. His red long sleeved shirt is the brightest color in the painting, and his calloused hands show strength as he holds the halyard firm in the cleat with a fully extended arm. Of the four people in the boat he is the only one with a troubled look on his face. According to David Prown this is a very common characteristic in HomerÃÆ'†¢s work. He says: Although the adults of HomerÃÆ'†¢s world seem isolated, his children frolic together in a cheerful world of laughter and mutuality. For Homer, growing up seems to imply a loss, a fall from paradise, removal from happy, carefree innocence and high spirits to a serious, lonely existence in which each man is an island unto himself. Prown 86 This is the perfect description of the expressions of the people in this painting. The children are clearly relaxed and content, but the father has an expression that suggests that he has something weighing heavy on his mind, and that he is receiving only temporary relief as he relaxes on the water with his sons. The other two boys are relaxing up towards the bow of the boat. The older of the two is stretched out across the deck covering the width of the bow with his leather shoes hovering inches over the water. The youngest of the boys is sitting up right on the deck with his feet resting inside the boat and he has a pleasant look of deep thought on his face. Clearly all of these boys are relaxed and content with their surroundings. Numerous fish inside of the boat suggest that this group has had an afternoon of fishing and recreation. They are not dressed for serious fishing, so there is a good chance they are out there strictly for leisure. A building off the bow on the distant shore is barely visible, and combined with the long shadows of the setting sun, it seems that they are heading home. Homers soft blue sky and puffy white clouds take up 2/3 of the canvas, leaving only the bottom third for the water and the horizon. The sky is completely empty except for a lone gull whoÃÆ'†¢s wings are lit up by the sun as is hovers directly in line with what appears to be a tiny illuminated sail of another boat on the very distant horizon. .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 , .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .postImageUrl , .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 , .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:hover , .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:visited , .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:active { border:0!important; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:active , .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294 .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea53c21a64a7c270a16f01af92864294:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Painting Paper: Ballet School by Edgar Degas EssayHomer also has an uncommon ability to recreate curves just as they would appear in nature. He uses this ability to capture the shape and form of the rolling waves in the sea, by even more than that he uses it to capture the human experience. The use of the sunlight as it reflects off the cloths of the people in the boat adds to the realistic nature of this painting. The wrinkles of white cotton shirts of the boyÃÆ'†¢s are accented brilliantly as the sun illuminates and caused shadows on different parts of their arms. The four people in this painting express more with their body language that they do with their facial expressions. Particularly the curve of their backs is evidence of their state of relaxation. In the children there is no evidence of tension in their bodies. This is in contrast with the fathers posture where tension is quite evident. The viewers position directly off the stern of the sailboat is a privileged one. It allows Homers style of American realism to be truly revealed. The exact details of the small wooden boat are astonishing. He captures everything from the stitches in the sail to the twist of the lines. Even the grain of the wood in the the early part of Homers painting career, and this is apparent by the look and shape of the water. As his life progressed, Homer began to focus on the power of the water in the sea, and he earned a reputation for being one of the best painters of his time in regards to his ability to capture the motion and and power of waves. In this painting there is less attention given to the water causing it to have very general and undefined characteristic. This neutral aspect of the water gives the painting an over all feel of relaxation and comfort. Prown gives an interesting description to this painting in in his book American Painting From its Beginnings to the Armory Show. In this book he states: Breezing Up is a seagoing version of Snap the Whip. The boys exert a mutual effort for their common delight. One adult is present, briefly privileged to share their pleasure. The day is sunny; the air and water are alive. Wind fills the sails, and the boat fairly shudders as it drives through the choppy sea. The thrust of air against the canvas pulls every line taut, and hands work to hold this living machine, quick with the breath of nature under control. Prown 87. This is a nice description of the work. It seems that one of this paintings main focuses is the pleasure and beauty of children in nature. hull and the mast are perfectly visible. The attention to detail is magnificent. The use of light and shadows across the sail form a drastic contrast. This contrast gives the viewer a real feel for the way the sun is shinning across the water. The spray of water that washes over the bow as the boat bounces through the choppy water is another example of HomerÃÆ'†¢s close attention to detail. There is also a merchant ship on the horizon on the right side of the canvas that though distant still retains a great deal of detail. The sense of comfort and serenity on the boyÃÆ'†¢s faces is an interesting contrast to the expression of worry on their fathers face, but this worry clearly is not related to their situation on the water. This work was completed towards