Letters of Credit Essay Example for Free

letter of consultation EssayThe use of the letter of confidence in international swop has for a long fourth dimension been an easy way of carrying out business operations without really having to use the address of the applicants conceive. Letters of reference point usually take the place of a vernaculars de nonation and enhances the further of transactions when employ properly.1 Usually, the letter of point of reference serves to give an importer of goods as well as the exporter a occur to go a head with their business transactions even when in that location is no real suave funds available to either party. Letters of book of facts, however, present very some(prenominal) challenges to both the exporter and the issuing curse because they argon usually documents that can non be revoked under certain circumstances and so exposes some players to a divvy up of risk. A key concern has been the nature of the conditions that ought to be met before such documents ca n be esteemed by the exporters coast which usually has to rely on information from the importers bank.2It is on the stern of the intricate issues that surround the letter of credit and its use that this paper seeks to critically discuss it especially when used in the context of international trade. Of particular interest, though, is a discussion of the undue exposure to losses and other(a) risks on the issuer of the letter of credit, particularly in instances when the applicant or beneficiary of the letter of credit does not duly perform ones obligations or wrongfully obtains compensation.The Working of a Letter of acknowledgementFrom a business point of view, it is usually very important for an importer of goods and who holds an account with a local bank to seek for the financing of the bank for goods that are to be sourced from another(prenominal) country.3The reasons this is appropriate range from an ability to facilitate the business transactions and ensure a faster and t imely transfer of the goods from the exporters location to that of the importer, and to garnish the costs that could be incurred in having to use other means of payment to pay for goods in another country means of which are not always available. Therefore, from the business point of view, a letter of credit serves to enhance the general business transactions involving international trade.Where the challenge comes in is that point when it is neer cadaverous or requested unless there is some form of credit that needs to be transferred. Actually, the letter of credit is used as an exchange of the credit of the bank and that of the buyer. Here, issues of compliance with the footing and conditions of the letter of credit poses m both challenges and risks to the issuing bank as well as the advising bank which literally transfers the credit to the exporters account. This results because of the expressive style in which the transactions are conducted.First, an importer in the United K ingdom orders for coffee beans from a farmer in Brazil. The farmer insists that the coffee beans can only be exported or ferried on condition that the payment for them is pay within forty days from the time the transaction is entered into.The UK importer cannot get to Brazil to make the payments but there is a way that the exporters bank can communicate with the importer so that the credit can be transferred. However, the buyer does not want any undue risks so he does not offer bills to his bank but asks for a letter of credit to be drafted with the Brazilian coffee exporter as the beneficiary. The UK bank makes an arrangement with this importer and because he satisfies the conditions required, the bank drafts a letter of credits and transfers it to the beneficiarys bank in Brazil. That advising bank then verifies the details of and terms of the letter of credit and duly pays the exporter.Once this is done, it is all to the exporter to enter the coffee beans to the UK. Only then can the advising bank (the exporters bank) be able to seek for the payment for the goods in accordance with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit. As can be clearly seen, there are so many processes involved and it all boils down to four main players who are bound to recur or benefit. There are the bank of the exporter, the bank of the importer, the exporter and the importer.Commercial Letter of Credit and Standby Letter of CreditIt is always important to draw a distinction between two types of letters of credit commonly used in international trade and to ascertain the roles each plays towards enhancing payments for imports by a customer.4 The commercialised letter of credit is the most widely used and its use is restricted to the actual exchange of credit on behalf of the customer of a bank. It is the commercial letter of credit that leave be needed by the advising bank or the exporters bank in order to effect payments.However, owing to the risks to the issuing bank r egarding defaulting on the part of the importer who is also its customer, the issuing bank usually drafts and issues another letter of credit for the purposes of proving the credit worthiness of the importer. This particular letter of credit, therefore, serves the function of guaranteeing the advising bank and the exporter that the importer will actually pay for the goods. This reduces the risks inherent in international trade.5Based on this fact, it can be fairly argued that an issuer of the commercial letter of credit will be protected significantly in the event of failure by the beneficiary to adhere to the terms and conditions of the letter of credit. To a significant level, having the standby letter of credit protects the issuer because it cannot be allowed to pursue the property of the importer and convalesce the money or it can fail to pass the money to the advising bank. In accordance to the UCP provisions, the banks are protected only mildly when it comes to failure by t rader to honor their part of the contract regarding payments to be submitted. For instance, the UCP never really form part of the official international trade rules and are only applicable when the parties to the trade deal believe it is right for them.The absence of a clear law, therefore, that emphatically seeks to help issuers of letters of credit means that they are exposed to many risks. The law in this country regarding international trade in general and letters of credit in particular tend to offer protection to consumers more than the issuer of the letters of credit. It is almost always believed that banks have the right and the capacity to set up their own terms and conditions which they believe are sufficient enough to protect them from any acts of fraud by traders and as such not a lot of protection is offered them under the law.International trade law will also protect the local bank and not the foreign bank, meaning that in the event the local bank, which is the issuer of the letter of credit, has already passed on the money to the advising bank, then there is little that can be done to recover the money especially in cases where the trader fails to honor the obligations to pay the bank due to bankruptcy or any other reason.This is because the law on bankruptcy protects the importer from the actions of banks that can lead to further legal battles. If such an importer files for bankruptcy during the period when the goods are yet to be delivered to him, then there is nothing the bank can do to recover its money.6 A person declared bankrupt is protected from his debtors until at such a time when the bankruptcy can be lifted. This clearly renders the issuer of the letter of credit to such a trader unequal to(p) of recovering its owed monies.1 Campbell, Dennis. REMEDIES FOR INTERNATIONAL SELLERS OF GOODS 2008 Volume II. Lulu.com, 20082 Edwards, George. Foreign Commercial Credits A Study in the pay of Foreign Trade. General Books LLC, 20093 Great Bri tain. Law Commission. Company security interests a consultative report. Routledge, 20054 Credit look into Foundation. Understanding and Using Letters of Credit, Part I (1999). Retrieved 08/16/2010 from http//www.crfonline.org/orc/cro/cro-9-1.html5 Warner, Susan. The Letter of Credit. Kessinger Publishing, 20076 LLL. U.C.C. ARTICLE 5 LETTERS OF CREDIT . (2005). http//www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/5/article5.htm

Rabindranath Tagore Story & Poem Essay Example for Free

Rabindranath Tagore Story Poem EssayA Nandalal Bose illustration for The Hero, initiate of the 1913 Macmillan release of The Crescent MoonThe Sadhana period, 18911895, was among Tagores most(prenominal) fecund, yielding more than half the stories contained in the three-volume Galpaguchchha, itself a group of cardinal stories. 18 They reflect upon Tagores surroundings, on modern and fashionable ideas, and on mind puzzles. Tagore associated his soonest stories, such as those of the Sadhana period, with an exuberance of vitality and spontaneity these traits were cultivated by zamindar Tagores life in villages such as Patisar, Shajadpur, and Shilaida. seeing the common and the poor, he examined their lives with a depth and feeling singular in Indian literature up to that point. 79 In The Fruitseller from Kabul, Tagore speaks in first person as a town-dweller and novelist who chances upon the Afghani seller. He channels the hanker of those trapped in mundane, hardscrabble Indi an urban life, giving play to dreams of a different being in the distant and wild mountains There were autumn mornings, the time of year when kings of old went forth to conquest and I, n invariably stirring from my little corner in Calcutta, would let my mind wander over the total world.At the very name of another country, my heart would go out to it I would fall to twine a network of dreams the mountains, the glens, the forest . . 80 Many of the other Galpaguchchha stories were written in Tagores Sabuj Patra period (19141917 as well named for one of Tagores magazines). 18 A 1913 illustration by Asit Kumar Haldar for The Beginning, a prose-poem in The Crescent MoonTagores Golpoguchchho (Bunch of Stories) remains among Bengali literatures most popular fictional works, providing subject matter for many successful films and theatrical plays.Satyajit Rays film Charulata was based upon Tagores contentious novella, Nastanirh (The Broken Nest). In Atithi (also made into a film), the young Brahmin boy Tarapada shares a boat rise with a village zamindar. The boy reveals that he has run away from home, only to wander around ever since. Taking pity, the zamindar adopts him and ultimately arranges his marriage to the zamindars own daughter. However, the night before the wedding, Tarapada runs offagain.Strir Patra (The Letter from the Wife) is among Bengali literatures earliest depictions of the bold emancipation of women. The heroine Mrinal, the wife of a typical patriarchical Bengali middle class man, writes a letter while she is travelling (which constitutes the whole story). It details the pettiness of her life and struggles she finally declares that she will not payoff to her husbands home with the statement Amio bachbo. Ei bachlum And I shall live. Here, I live.Haimanti assails Hindu marriage and the dismal lifelessness of married Bengali women, hypocrisies plaguing the Indian middle classes, and how Haimanti, a sensitive young woman, mustdue to her sensitiv eness and free substancesacrifice her life. In the last passage, Tagore directly attacks the Hindu custom of glorifying Sitas attempted self-immolation as a promoter of appeasing her husband Ramas doubts. Musalmani Didi examines Hindu-Muslim tensions and, in many ways, embodies the essence of Tagores humanism.Darpaharan exhibits Tagores self-consciousness, describing a fey young man harboring literary ambitions. Though he loves his wife, he wishes to stifle her own literary career, deeming it unfeminine. Tagore himself, in his youth, seems to have harbored similar ideas around women. Darpaharan depicts the final humbling of the man as he acknowledges his wifes talents. As do many other Tagore stories, Jibito o Mrito equips Bengalis with a ubiquitous epigram Kadombini moriya proman korilo she more naiKadombini died, thereby proving that she hadnt.

The media advertising for Conrack Essay Example for Free

The media advert for Conrack EssayThe appropriate media advertising for Conrack is most likely to be the advertisements of a topical anesthetic scale kind of than a national scale. I believe that a good place to start is the local newspaper, yellowish pages, leaflet and local radio. On the other hand, a business like Eco-Store is most likely to be advertising on an internet website, national newspaper and a specialist magazine or withal television. The local newspaper is good for Conrack because many people of the surrounding community argon likely to empathize it and it entrust therefore reach a vast majority of the target market. One disadvantage of the local newspaper is that the advertisement would be fairly small and will cost in the region of i 51. It could to a fault mean that the advertisement is hidden behind the bigger advertisements of bigger companies. The Local newspaper could also be a disadvantage in that not many people will be interested. Eco-Store on may choose to advertise in the national newspaper rather than local because of its vast stores fit(p) throughout the UK.It is an advantage because it fashion that there is national coverage, readers can refer back to the advertisement and its comparatively cheap at i 20,000 for 3 months for a company who turnover i 200 million. there can be also be much detail provided. In contrast to this, there is no movement or sound the advertisement is usually boring as its limited to only char and white. The yellow pages are a good place to advertise for Conrack as there are varied yellow pages for each region of the country.It is also an advantage as many people look at the yellow pages when they want to buy something auspicious such as timber. It is only a one polish off payment of i 367 for a 4. 5cm box for the whole year. This is well within the budget of Conrack. The marketing scheme for eco-store is to improve the Homely nature. The best way to do this is in the form of pictures. I th ink this competency mean that eco-store could opt for television advertising. Television advertising is an expensive choice but it could prove to demonstrate results very right away.On advantage of Television advertising is the creative advertising can have a big impact on the business. They can demonstrate Eco-Friendly being homely and can reach a vast audience. In contrast to this, its expensive, the message is short lived and many consumers switch channels when there are advertisements as there is now a vast amount of other program choices with the newly digital television. The other option for Conrack could be to advertise on the local radio in recent historic period this has been proven to be very effective.It could be advantageous in that it enables the use of sound, thought provoking messages could be used, produced relatively cheaply. On the other hand, it isnt visual, no copy of material, consumers may forget as there is nonentity to refer back to. Eco-friendly may cho ose the internet as an advertising medium as it has wide-cut coverage, cheap to set up, global, number of hits can be measured. twain companies could incorporate the use of specialist magazines. This will mean there are more effective consumers that are willing to buy the timber.It also means that many people may be interested and could attract local businesses to buy products in bulk. Both businesses could use many events of advertising that could enhance the image of there businesses and no business is limited in using each type of advertising medium. The best type of advertising is one which results are quickly seen. There are many other forms of advertising a business could use depending on the type of people they want to target and number.

Analysis of Modern Love by Douglas Dunn Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Modern Love by Douglas Dunn EssayWhat atomic number 18 the poets thoughts and feelings about get it on?In Modern Love, Dunn presents many ideas about the functioning of novel love, and they slipway in which it differs from what he might perceive as traditional, or true love. He possibly discusses how upstart-day love is superficial, and however a facade, as well as how modern love is interrupted by a variety of other commitments, but also how love is possibly the only escape from an differently dull and dreary life. Dunn initially talks about the superficiality of modern love by lecture about how they are enjoying minutes of rented conquer. The detail that it is a rented silence suggests that it is only temporary, coming into courting how modern love is not permanent. Furthermore, it could also suggest that to achieve these minutes, there has been a cost involved, whether pecuniary or purely symbolic. In addition, it says there is not much to show for lov e, further demo how this love is ineffectual, and that not much has been achieved by this love. The fact that they are in a ho determination that is not theirs further shows what length this couple has to go to to put up the facade of modern love. The juxtaposition of the name love with alone further displays the disconnection in the relationship of modern love. The powerful use of enjambment could be used to signify the constant progression of time throughout this poem, during which no love is taking place.Furthermore, Dunn discusses how modern love is often interrupted by other commitments, namely, the family. Dunn writes how the under-tens and invalids are finally asleep. The rootage to what can be assumed to be the elderly as invalids is somewhat derogatory, and this could be used to eccentric the resentment shown towards them, as they may be responsible for the failures of modern love. In addition, the fact that they can only procure minutes of silence from this, shows how much these other commitments intrude into their love, and the fact that they prefer to enjoy the silence shows how hectic their involvement with their family can be. The reference to the family as the upstairs people, can possibly be used to suggest how this couple wants to distance themselves from the family, which can possibly suggest that the speaker yearns for a pleasing relationship, but this is not possible.However, it can also be said that this love is their only solace from an otherwise dull and dreary lifestyle. The fact that they choose to enjoy silence can be used to show that they simply value to spend time together to get away from their hectic daily lives. The fact that it is said that their lives flap is personification used to convey how there is a sense of disorganisedness or despair in their lives, and Dunn goes on to write how there is no hope of better happiness than this, which goes to show that although modern love may be ineffectual and dull, it is the high light of their lives.The fact that the poem is 14 lines long shows that it is written in the style of a sonnet, which could possibly suggest that there is some real love be represented here, and that the whole poem is not necessarily a criticism of modern love. Alternatively, however, this structure could fool potentially been used sarcastically. Dunn also writes how all other lives are worn down to trees and sunlight and how they air forward to a visit from the cat, and this could be used to highlight how dull and uneventful their lives render become, and how modern love is their only escape from this.Overall, although Dunn portrays Modern Love as somewhat of a facade, and superficial, as well as being constantly being interrupted by other commitments, he may also be trying to state how modern love is often the only solace couples go for from their increasingly dull and dreary lives.

Mission statements Essay Example for Free

Mission statements EssayA mission statement is basic ally a strong belief saying what the confederacy has to do. An draw is what e precise worry organization need because they create a focus for the business to work towards, improvements and achievements. Objectives be big because they ar more specific and help the business to achieve its aims. quick targets argon very important too because they mean Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, and Timed. All businesses should cast SMART targets because then they would fuck what exactly they are going for. Aims ObjectivesI am focusing on two types of companies they are Sainsburys and Mirfield issue Grammar. The mission statement for Sainsburys is to be the consumers first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. The main aims and objectives of Sainsburys are that they need to survive, this is the most important un matched because if they cant survive they wouldnt be getting any profit. The objective of this would be to get somewhat 500 customers a day.another(prenominal) aim for Sainsburys is to make profit, because then you can improve the business and youll have money to spend. The objective of this is to get about i 10,000 a month. Another aim for Sainsbury is that they should maximize gross revenue because then they would get more profit. The objective would be to bewray more products. The most important aim of all is to provide quality food for the customers because if they dont, theyll wouldnt get much profit because the customers would go somewhere else.Another very important aim would be building more stores somewhere else because if they only have one store, some customers from further places tycoon want to shop in that respect but if its too far they might not come and might even go somewhere else. The mission statement of The Mirfield chuck up the sponge Grammar is the passag eway to success is excellence. The main aims and objectives of the Mirfield Free Grammar are that they should provide a good service, the objective of this is to buy atomic number 6 more computers for the school.Another aim for Mirfield Free Grammar is that they should hire more staff, the objective of this is to hire staff with 6 GCSEs. The final aim is to beat the competition, Mirfield Free Grammar HAVE to beat Castle Hall. The similarity of Sainsbury and Mirfield Free Grammar are that public people can go both to these companies because they are both public. The going aways between Sainsbury and Mirfield Free Grammar are that Sainsbury have customers and they make oodles of profit but Mirfield Free Grammar has students and they dont make a profit.Another difference is that Sainsbury provides food etc but MFG provides a service. Sainsbury is a public limited company whilst MFG is a public celestial sphere company. And another difference is that Sainsbury need to survive by get ting customers but MFG doesnt. signify an effective supermarket should be able to provide a fast and easy service for the public and they should make sure that all their products are to the best, this could make the business meet its aims and objectives easier and better.Another good aim for Sainsbury is that they could improve their charitable donations in order to make more customers go there. I think an effective school should provide take place service for all the students, qualified teachers, good facilities and the best effort of the school as possible. I think if MFG made the school big, it would also meet its aims and objectives more efficiently because more room absentice more students and teachers which also means that there would me more customers which is good for a school.In the outside world there are loads of different types of businesses e. g sole traders, partnership, limited companies and co-operatives etc Sainsbury is a public limited company, which means the public can buy shares via the stock market (the share price currently is 298. 50p). Sainsbury is a extensive business and lots of people work there. The shareholders own Sainsbury and it has a limited liability so the shareholders are not liable for all the debts but they only pay the amount they have invested.Sainsbury is better off being a public limited company because it can easily raise money by selling shares. It is also better off being a public limited company because it is bigger than private limited companies and they dont sell shares to the public where as public limited companies do. Public limited companies has a couple of advantages like it is not owned by the government but by the shareholders, it gets lots of profit, lots of people work in that business so the work load is less and the business has a very good candidate to survive because the shareholders pay some of the debts.It also has disadvantages like low proceeds because there are lots of staff working the re, long hours etc Mirfield Free Grammar is a public area organization, which means it is controlled by the government. It does not sell shares and it doesnt have as much public sector business as private sector business. This type of ownership suits Mirfield Free Grammar because it is public and owned by the government. Mirfield Free Grammar has advantages like people dont have to pay to get in and it has a very good chance to survive because it is owned by the government.It also has disadvantages like getting no profit and not a lot of people would go there. The differences between Sainsburys ownership and MFGs ownership is that Sainsbury is a public limited company which means it can raise money by selling shares to the public whereas in the other sight MFG raise money by attracting students to come to their school. Another difference between these two is that Sainsbury is controlled by a board of directors who are elected whereas a board of governors control MFG.These governor s are also elected by parents and teachers who do it on a voluntary basis. I think Mirfield Free Grammar would be better if it was a partnership because then there would be more people controlling the school which means it would escape more efficient meeting its aims even better. I think if Sainsbury was a franchise, it would be a very good business because if people use Sainsburys brand name and run a business in a less populated area, the local would go their for their food instead of going into the main towns and cities. in that respect are lots of aims for Sainsbury like to provide a charitable service and to expand the service to the community. The outcome business activity for Sainsbury is to sell food and groceries because these make the most profit for Sainsbury. The range of activities that Sainsbury carries out are to sell baby food, books, flowers, cds, toys, mobile phones, medicine, food, drinks, fruits, vegetables, cakes, chocolate, wine, gifts, electronics and a lot more.They also have their own bank as well. The main customers of Sainsburys are basically the public and their main competitors are Tesco, Asda, Morrisons etc The business activity of Sainsbury have changed a lot nowadays for example, they sell more products like CDs, gel, games, more electronic things etc they never used to sell these in the past. Now customers can even order their shopping over the Internet so it is a lot easier and they dont have to go there themselves.

Campaign Strategy Essay Example for Free

Campaign Strategy Essay1) What ar the marks of the contract? 2) What disbeliefs need to be answered to r severally those goals?This is a count of general run questions to help start your research process. These ar not research questions. separately general promote question should generate a list of more specific research questions. For example, What is the discern/problem? could lead to the question, What is the history of lead poisoning in our community? General questions to remove roughly a campaign1. What is the issue/problem? (Understand their arguments. )2. What be the solutions or alternatives? (Develop our arguments.)3. Who else is trying to permute the problem, how effective are they, and what are their solutions? (Potential allies. capture up a niche. Avoid obstacles and duplication of effort.)4. Who can implement those solutions? Who has the king? (The Targets)5. What kind of campaign would it take to convince them? (Feasibility test.) A. How long woul d victory take? What are the cartridge holder constraints?B. What are tactics and paths to a victory?C. What are the opportunities or obstacles?D. What has worked for opposite organizations on similar campaigns?6. Who are the other players?A. Who would hold convert? (Allies)B. Who opposes change? (Opposition)C. Who could become allies/opposition, only when are currently neutral?7. Does our base have the power and resources to win this campaign?8. Will this campaign build our movement, base, or organization?WHAT IS A CAMPAIGN dodge?A campaign can be seen as an organised, purposeful effort to micturate change, and it should be guide by thoughtful intentning. Before taking action, advantageful campaigners learn as much as authority about * the existing situation* who is affected by the campaign issue both positively and negatively * what changes could improve the situation * what resources, tactics and tools are available to implement a campaign that ordain hollo the issue . Campaigners rehearse this knowledge to create their strategy, which guides them in contrivening, implementing, marketing, monitoring, improving and evaluating their campaign. A campaign strategy should answer the chase questionsProblem, Vision, Change1. What problem are you confronting?2. What is your vision of how the public allow for be, once the problem is resolved?3. What change/s would bring about this vision?Stakeholders, Relationships,Targets4. Who is affected, positively or negatively, by the problem? 5. How are these mess or groups related to the problem and to each other?6. Who are you trying to reach?7. If your campaign is successful, who leave be affected?Answering key questions repeatedly, at each stage of your campaign, about the problem, solution, betholders and targets as comfortably as the tactics, message and tools you testament substance abuse, forget help develop your campaign strategy. Your campaign strategy will guide what you do and it should be up dated regularly as the campaign is implemented and the situation changes.CREATE A COMMON VISIONIts useful to involve your whole campaigning group in exploring the problem, your vision and the changes sought-after(a) a shared understanding of the problem will stimulate ideas about possible actions to take, and will besides help your group to stay motivated and focussed during the campaign. Creating a common vision will too help determine steerings to monitor, and adjust the implementation of, the campaign if necessary.Activity 1 PROBLEM rootage CHANGE1. dissertate and descend, as a group, what core problem your campaign seeks to address. Elaborate all the perverse effects of this problem. 2. Each person in the group should create their own answer to the following question What would a world without this problem be like? * Use words, diagrams, illustrations.* Imagine unlimited resources (money, power, etc). * prove and reckon all the benefits of this proposed world. 3. C ombine your individual visions of the future to create a single common vision for the campaign. Discuss in depth which broad actions or changes would resolve the problem you identified, so as to arrive at the world you have envisioned. These necessary actions are the main focus of your campaign. Discuss the scope of your campaign decide whether it has multiple components (sub-campaigns). If it does, you whitethorn choose either to narrow the focus of your campaign or create a multiple-campaign strategy.UNDERSTAND THE CAMPAIGNS STAKEHOLDERSStakeholders are mess, groups, organisations, or institutions that are connected to your issue. They may embody your campaign, be adversely affected by the issue in question, have the power to change the situation, or until now be prudent for the problem you have identified. An important task when designing your campaign is to learn as much about the stakeholders as possible. You should * Understand each stakeholders relationship to the proble m and your proposed solution * Define the relationships between different stakeholders * chequer the ability and willingness of stakeholders to help or hurt your campaign * refer which of these stakeholders your campaign should concentrate on to create the change your desire.Activity 2 MAPPING STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPSStart creating a play in which entities with a stake in your issue are represented as circles, or nodes, and lines between these circles represent relationships. It is good to use sticky composings (post-it notes) for this activity because they can be moved about as unavoidable. 1. Discuss the fundamental interaction that is at the root of the problem your campaign wants to address. Who creates the problem? Who is affected by it? How and why are these entities connected to one another? 2. Continue, taking notes as you go along, until you can identify the interaction between entities (nodes) that nigh represents what you seek to change. 3. point all of the nodes between which this kind of interaction is happening. 4. Place these nodes at the center of your map.5. Identify the relationships of these central nodes with others nodes on your map. Start locally and move outward regionally, nationally, internationally and globally, if relevant. Depending on your problem, expand your map with two or more levels of nodes (marking these in a clear way) * First level entities with direct satisfy to the central nodes (family / local) * Second level entities with contact to the first level (regional / national) * Third level nodes with general diverge on the issue (international / institutional) 6. Next, draw lines representing relationships between these nodes and identify the kind of relationship they have for example* supply* Mutual benefit* Conflict* PotentialAfter mapping out as many stakeholders as you can, you will have a graphic representation of your stakeholders relationships with your issue. Next you should analyse how your sta keholders may help happen upon the change/s you seek. For more in ca-caation on how to do this, see New Tactics in humankind Rights Tactical Mapping.Activity 3 FROM STAKEHOLDERS TO TARGETSBegin defining specific objective/s of your campaign. rent each stakeholders level of support and level of influence in the context of your campaign objective/s. 1. In simple, active terms, define what would resolve your problem and bring about the change you seek. Your objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. 2. Using the list of the stakeholders from the previous activity, identify as many as possible who could help achieve your objective. 3. Draw a horizontal and a vertical axis on a large sheet of blank paper (shown here). Place the stakeholders as follows * The vertical axis represents their level of influence in achieving the goal of your objective from nigh influential (top) to least influential (bottom).* The horizontal axis represents whether th ey are likely to oppose (left) or support (right) your campaign. 4. After you place all the stakeholders on the paper, identify the closely influential entities or individuals as strength difference primary targets, those who can make the change you seek. Note their level of support or opposition for this change. 5. Discuss the relationship of these entities to other stakeholders. You may already have this information on your stakeholder map from Activity 2. 6. Identify stakeholders who support your campaign and have influence on or relationships with your primary target group. They are your secondhand targets, or participant groups, who could become actively involved in helping your campaign achieve its goals. Locate them on your graph and identify two or three participant groups to concentrate on. (Adapted from The Change Agencys antecedent Mapping exercise.)Activity 4 FROM TARGETS TO TACTICSNow you have identified the target audiences that your campaign necessitate to commu nicate with, and what relationships they have with other entities with a stake in the problem, you can consider what tactics will best address your target and participant groups? 1. Draw a half-circle, divided into wedges. Place those who most support your campaign on the left side of the spectrum those who oppose you the most on the right. 2. Use your maps and sticky papers, placing each target and stakeholder in a wedge according to their level of support for your cause. The result is a spectrum of stakeholders, a few of whom you have identified as primary or secondary targets. A five-wedge diagram would embroil the followinga. Active allies supportive and motivated to achieve your goalsb. Allies may benefit from your successc. Neutral parties may not be involved or affected currently d.Opponents may miss from your successe. Active opponents actively interfere with your activities 3. Use this diagram to help decide which tactics to consider, depending on each stakeholders locati on on the spectrum. For example f. Supportive use mobilisation tactics g. Neutral use educational. visualisation tactics h. Opposing use disruption, interference tactics(Adapted from New Tactics in Human Rights Spectrum of Allies exercise.) This card was created by Namita Singh and Ali Gharavi in collaboration with Tactical Tech.There are four meaty elements to every successful nifty campaign the Case leading Prospects and, the Plan. This article is last in a series addressing each element and will focus on designing a successful capital campaign plan. You cannot do everything at once, but you can do one thing at a time. Begin by designing a ecumenical campaign strategy that works well you and your organization. both successful campaign begins with a plan. The campaign plan is a detailed garb of procedural guidelines for campaign leaders and volunteers. The successful campaign plan is built with two overriding principles in mind (1) Anything other than a complete success is e ntirely unacceptable and (2) To ensure the complete success of this fundraising effort, the campaign must be formally declared (and treated) as the primary institutional priority of the organization throughout the fundraising timetable. Recognizing and stating these raw material truths puts you into the mindset to make the decisions and commitments necessary for a successful campaign.From at that place, we begin to incorporate essential fundraising elements into a comprehensive strategy. Just as there are the four essential elements of a successful campaign (Case, Leadership, Prospects and Plan) there are many vital techniques at work within a good fundraising plan, among them the use of individualized visits, a phased access, specific gift requests, lead and major gift solicitation, drink type gifts. Personal visits constantly yield more money. People give to peoplepeople they love, people they admire, people they respect and even people they fear. Often it is the personal r elationship of the volunteer making the request that has the most sway with the potential donor. Our classic technique demands that we employ a phase-by-phase approach to our fundraising, always asking for the largest gifts first, and then medium coat gifts and finally smaller gifts. This ensures that we create enthusiasm and build momentum. Our success, as evidenced by our rapidly advance fundraising totals and our large average gift, will pull undecided people toward us and encourage them to give.Victory has a thousand fathers, yet defeat is always an orphan. One of the most important concepts we must use is to ask for a specific gift. We should be asking mostly with a view of our need in mind, but with some view of their message in mind as well. As we articulate the request, we want to make it clear that the reason we are asking them for this specific amount is because we need it if we are to succeed. It is important that they not get the sense that we are asking them for this amount just because we cipher they have it, or because we think that is what they ought to give, but only because we have this enormous need and a limited number of people of means to whom we can turn. If people are going to help you achieve ambitious plans, they need to know what is required of them. You must always ask for the specific gift.Every campaign that is successful in reaching its potential is going to do a good job of soliciting Leadership and Major Gifts. Clearly some families are especially able to help because of their material blessings. Within the fundraising industry, it is a well-known fact that approximately 80% of the money (or more) will come from just 20% of the people (and sometimes fewer). These Leadership and Major Gifts set the pace for others to follow and they provide the financial foundation upon which to build a successful campaign. Much time is spent, early in the campaign, trying to determine who should be challenged to consider a gift of this sign ificant nature. A well-run campaign will always stress tally effort, equal stretching or even equal sacrifice from every prospective donor, but not equal giving.Each prospect should be further to do their individual best. Another element of a successful campaign plan is to offer people the opportunity to make pledges, rather than one-time gifts, and to offer longer pledge redemption flow rates where appropriate and possible. Depending upon the length of the pledge redemption period, pledges are usually twothree times larger than one-time contributions. In todays busy world, people often budget their money very carefully. If a family were going to give you $ blow per month, you would rather have that run for 60 months (5 years) than 36 months (3 years), would you not? Narrowing the pledge collection period is not going to get this family (which is giving out of current income) to pay the money any sooner. It will merely get you a smaller pledge. There are many other important aspe cts of a solid fundraising plan, includingFinancial Goals and ObjectivesClearly stated goals tied to both the leaders responsible for attaining them and the timeline over which they are to be accomplished.A Detailed Campaign TimetableGiving form to function, the timetable gives us an orderly way to approach a complex task, ensuring the most important things are going to be done first. Organizational mapClarifying the responsibilities of each campaign leader and showing everyone how they are related to one another.Description of Leadership Roles and ResponsibilitiesWritten instructions delineating the job responsibilities of each leader/volunteer.Campaign Phases and/or Divisions and Tracks of ActivityAnother form of timeline, breaking out major phases of activity and tracks of action. Many phases may go on simultaneously, while others will be the only activity underway at that given time.Lead and Major Gift ProgramsThis most important track of activity begins during the early quiet phase of the campaign and continues until the potential for such gifts has been exhausted.commemorative Gift PlanA comprehensive plan to commemorate the gifts of your campaign donors, especially major and leadership donors which might include naming opportunities, public recognition and memorabilia that you can give to outstanding leaders/donors (such as a scale model of a building, etc.).Keep in mind that the plan may explicate as the campaign moves forward. Often this is a function of actual early results, and who is giving at what levels. Who is pass judgment a leadership role? Preparing a detailed timetable and organizational chart is a good way of measuring the progress of the campaign in relation to the plan and detecting when necessary adjustments or revisions may be needed. It also provides a specific measure of accountability. Establish goals for each constituency and phase. Everyone needs to know what is evaluate of him or her A statistical summary of the number and lev el of gifts required to reach the campaign goal for each phase of activity should be kept regularly.This list should be constantly monitored against progress to date and should be consulted daily to develop a precise order of solicitation, thus providing us a plan and timetable for asking. In summary, the campaign plan is one of the four essential elements of a successful capital campaign and must be carefully researched and crafted. Remember to keep a close eye on the fundraising plan and modify it in view of your actual experiences. The plan is your road map to success. Remember, it is static while the world is very dynamic. Use the plan as your basic guide, maintaining your liberty to deviate from it briefly where called upon, and you will convey it serves you quite nicely and leads to your fundraising success.

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr Essay Example for Free

Malcolm X and Martin Luther ability Jr EssayThe PBS video, Malcolm and the Civil Rights stool is important in showing the varying views of two(prenominal) Malcolm X and Martin Luther queer Jr. The video makes it well evident that both men were striving for the same end result, which was defeating white racism and em agencying African Americans. However, as the video develops, magical spell both men had the same destination in mind, they both sought polar journeys to get there. through with(predicate) an epitome of the PBS video, Martin Luther baron Jr.s I Have a Dream speech, and several(prenominal) passing plays from The memorial of Malcolm X, it can be concluded that while the two men wanted the same thing, they both had different views and beliefs Malcolm X was angry, bitter and vengeful, while Martin Luther index Jr. was only concerned with fixing the resign at hand. Early in the PBS video, it is explained that while fag wished to come to and streng and so a family stick with that already existed, Malcolm X viewed himself and black-market Muslims as an outside party.This is evident through the public denial that Malcolm X was even an American due to his opposing view of the suggestion of integration with white America. (Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement, The American Experience. PBS. Video Transcript) This belief that Malcolm X was completely angry and against white America is aided though a going in his autobiography coming from page 292 of the fifteenth chapter. In the first provided passage of Malcom Xs autobiography, Malcolm X shows marked bitterness and hatred in his choice of words to detect the situation. This can best be attributed to the quoting of the his words saying the antebellum white slavemaster even devilishly manipulated his bear woman. This phrasing by Malcolm X speaks volumes to how he views the relationship of the white male to the rest of society. Through the victimization of the word devilishly he is port raying his inner thoughts that the white man is evil and corrupt in his judgments.Then by using the words and manipulated and knowledge, Malcolm X is expressing his belief that the white man is power hungry and sees the world as a game for his bemusement and handling. Furthermore by saying his own woman, this would suggest that Malcolm X believes that the white slave owner sees himself the master of not only black men but also white females. (Malcolm X, p. 292) To the slave owner, everything but himself is property and assets to be owned and managed. The passage and so goes on to explain that Malcolm X strongly holds a general stereotype of slave owners copulating with their slaves to be unquestioned fact about exclusively slave owners. His remarks that the slave owner has conned his wife into letting him procreate with the slaves entirelyows valu commensurate insight into Malcolm Xs thoughts that white male is purely a trickster and untrustworthy.The final exam two paragraphs o f the first passage provided from The Autobiography of Malcolm X offer perhaps the most profound interpretation of Malcolm Xs beliefs surrounding the relationship amidst blacks and whites. Through the anecdote of the girl traveling all that way to try and make amends for something that not even herself has been proven guilty of showcases how impenetrable Malcolm Xs beliefs are. fleck the girl asks Malcolm X if he believes there are good white plurality, Malcolm X explains that only actions can potpourri his thoughts. The girl then offers, What can I do? at which Malcolm X responds that there is nothing she can do (Malcolm X, p. 292). This effectively renders the argument that Malcolm X firmly believes that the preceding(prenominal) and current disrespectful actions whites have shown blacks are unforgiving. This belief and anger strongly contradicts with the first part of Martin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream speech.Martin Luther King Jr. begins his speech with a preface of le t us not wallow in the valley of despair, which he uses to say that the aside does not need to define the feelings of the future. King then addresses that by moving on from the prehistoric quarrels, pairing can be established and the nations creed of all men are created passable can be recognized (Martin Luther King I Have a Dream 1963. Speech). Paralleling this theme of the past not defining the future, King speaks of the state of Mississippis current and previous mishaps and how it can change as long as the past is left in the past. In the second provided passage of Malcolm Xs autobiography, which is pages 250 and 251 of the fourteenth chapter, it becomes increasingly clear that Malcolm X does not believe that whites and blacks can live blithely on the same level.He then makes a unique distinction between the words segregate and separate. Through a reference to Elijah Mohammed, Malcolm X explains that segregation implies that one side blacks are inferior to the other(a) side , while separation suggests that both sides have mutually agreed to part ways and keep blank without one holding significant power or influence over the others. To round out the passage, Malcolm X makes an analogy to a mother and her child stating that un little the baby is separate at birth then both the mother and baby will ultimately die (Malcolm X, p. 250-1). Interestingly, in the third provided passage, which is also found in the fourteenth chapter on pages 260 and 261, Malcolm X makes an interesting comparison of the black people being pets of the white society. This shows that Malcolm X believes that blacks are being trained for the benefit of whites and even mentions the word brainwashing to describe how whites have touch blacks.This passage continues the thought from the second provided passage from earlier in the chapter that blacks should be given the chance to be their own people, away from the influence of white society (Malcolm X, p. 260-1). This analogy suggests tha t Malcolm X sees the black peoples as autarkic people that deserve the chance to grow and mature on their own terms. Differing strongly from Malcolm X is Kings speech which showcases his believe that separation is not needed and that he envisions both races coming unitedly as a family. This is illustrated through the line black boys and black girls will be able to aggregate hands with little white boys and white girls as sister and brothers. With reference to his reverend background, King makes a suggestion that religion can be a unifying factor for the two races and that the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together. (Martin Luther King I Have a Dream, 1963. Speech)This is in account contrast to Malcolm X and his autobiography, which puts significant emphasis on his Muslim beliefs being in direct reverse to white society. With the religious tone set, Kings speech then continues to explain how the previous grievances and tragedies of yesterday can be removed fo r tomorrow beginning with the phrase with this faith. This explains that King was looking to mend fences while Malcolm X saw the situation as us versus everyone and that everyone was out to victimize them. Finishing his speech, King expands the current situation to encompass the hardships of all other situations in the United States. Through this, King is able to offer that uniting of the black and white races can be a foundation for freedom of all parties in the United States.This helps to explain the difference between the views King and Malcolm X most clearly. While Malcolm X believes that unless separation is achieved the two races will destroy each other, King believes that if the two races come together then great achievements and progress in freedom for all can be accomplished. The PBS video then explains that Malcolm X did not want the black Muslim people to viewed as defenseless and thus, he was fence to a strategy of non-violence (Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement, Th e American Experience. PBS. Video Transcript). Because of the differing views on violence, religion was brought into play and Malcolm X insinuated that King was following the white mans religion and still being controlled by him. While physical violence was avoided by Kings strategy, so was verbal assault as King often avoided criticizing Malcolm X and his comments.The video then explains that Malcolm Xs unique position then became less dominant in his mind as he felt let down from Elijah Muhammad after the ending of Ronald Stokes. At the same time Malcolm X was looking to cause physical pain to the other side, King was making legislative and social gains in his movement (Malcolm and the Civil Rights Movement, The American Experience. PBS. Video Transcript). This helps to explain that King largely wanted a fix to the problem, while Malcolm X wanted revenge.Through an analysis of the PBS video, Martin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream speech, and several passages from The Autobiograph y of Malcolm X, it can be concluded that while the two men wanted the same thing, they both had different views and believes. Malcolm X can be concluded to be angry, bitter and vengeful, with no believe that the relationship between blacks and whites could be salvaged. While differing greatly, Martin Luther King Jr. can be said to be guided by faith, optimistic, future oriented and only concerned with fixing the issue at hand.Works Cited1.King, Martin Luther. Dr. Martin Luther King I Have a Dream. March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. Speech. 2.Malcom and the Civil Rights Movement. The American Experience. PBS. 5 May 2005. Television. Transcript. 3.Malcolm X. Chapter 14. The Autobiography of Malcolm X As Told by Alex Haley. Alex Haley. New York Random House, 1964. 250-1, 260-1. Print. 4.Malcolm X. Chapter 15. The Autobiography of Malcolm X As Told by Alex Haley. Alex Haley. New York Random House, 1964. 292. Print.